一个困惑我很久的英语语法我做了很多题.错的主要就是介词方面的.我总是搞不懂 of,for,with,to in,on at into onto 这些词的区别,请网友门帮我归纳下 不要说的那么深奥就行

一个困惑我很久的英语语法
我做了很多题.错的主要就是介词方面的.我总是搞不懂 of,for,with,to in,on at into onto 这些词的区别,请网友门帮我归纳下 不要说的那么深奥就行

介词的基本用法
介词的基本用法
介词 (preposition) 又称前置词,是英语中最活跃的词类之一,它表示的是它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系.
介词可分为下列三类：
1. 简单介词,如：
about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to towards, under, until, till, up, with
2. 合成介词,如：
inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without
3. 短语介词,如：
according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, next to, prior to
介词不能单独充当句子成分,它必须与名词或相当于名词作用的成分构成介词短语才能充当 句子的成分.
二、介词短语的句法功能
1. 作定语,例如：
I have lost the key to the door of my room.
我把房间的钥匙丢了.
三、介词的固定搭配
1. At
be good at 精通于
be annoyed at 对……烦恼
be angry at 对 (事) ……发怒
(take) aim at 瞄准
laugh at 因……而发笑
stare at 盯着看,凝视
at the best 充其量
at first 开始
at large 自由地
at least 至少,起码
at length 最后,终于
at once 立即,马上
at present 现在
at rest 休息,静止不动
at times 间或,有时
He was angry at his brother's remark.
他对他兄弟的批评很恼火.
I don't know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes.
我不认识他,但是他盯了我足有十分钟.
The foreign countries' attempt at a blockade of the port was unsuccessful.
外国试图对这个港口实施封锁,但没有成功.
I know I am at fault.
我知道我错了.
The escaped prisoner is still at large.
那逃犯仍逍遥法外.
He is at present away on his holidays.
他现在到外地度假去了.
2. About
careful about 小心
particular about 对……讲究
careless about 粗心
doubtful about 对……怀疑
sure about 肯定
concerned about 担心
a complaint about 抱怨,叫屈
bring about 导致,引起
care about 关心,介意
leave about 乱放,乱扔
fuss about 大惊小怪
anxious about 担心,想念
例如：
How did it come about?
那事是怎样发生的?
She is crazy about pop music.
她对流行音乐着了迷.
English people are always making complaints about their weather.
英国人老是埋怨天气不好.
He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams.
他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲.
Harry likes eating very much but he isn't very particular about the food he eats.
哈里很爱吃,但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究.
3. Against
fight against 反对
immune against 免除……
vote against 投票反对
protect … against 保护……免受
stand against 反对,经受住
an accusation against 控制,谴责
a prejudice against 偏见,万岁
guard against 防护
protest against 反对,抗议
rise against 起来反抗
run against 对……不利,违反
strive against 和……斗争
a defence against 防护,保卫
a protest against 抗议,反对
例如：
I protest against their criticism.
我对他们的批评提出抗议.
He made a false accusation against his boss.
他诬告上司.
Those clothes don't give you much protection against the cold.
那些衣服不能使你御寒.
He should guard against passing on disease to his family.
他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人.
4. By
abide by 遵守
pull … by 拉住
by mistake 弄错,失误
by virtue of 靠,由于
by means of 使用
by aid of 借助于
by way of 经由
by force 以武力,强迫地
by marriage 联姻而产生的
例如：
He is by nature a kind, generous fellow.
他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人.
They sent the letter to me by mistake.
他们误把那封信送给了我.
The old Roman armies had several generals who took command by turns.
古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥.
By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased.
由于胜利,他感到可以想干什么就干什么了.
I probably know him by sight but not by name.
我大概见面认识他,不过叫不上名字.
5. For
competent for 胜任
for good 永远
for the sake of 为……缘故
for the better 好转
for the purpose of 为……目的
for a change 改变一下
for the time being 暂时
for fear of 免得
an affection for 爱,爱情
application for 申请
(make) preparation for 为……作准备
blame for 责怪,责备
cause for 理由
readiness for 为……准备就绪
an occasion for 时机,机会
contempt for 轻蔑,藐视
a demand for 需要,需求
evidence for 证据,根据
a fondness for 喜欢
a reason for 理由,原因
a respect for 尊敬,尊重
a search for 搜寻,找寻
例如：
I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in.
我愿重复一下我的开场白,以便让刚入场的人也能听到.
She got up early to be ready for the post.
为了静心等候邮件,她一早就起床了.
New York is famous for its skyscrapers.
纽约以其摩天大楼而著称.
His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed.
他晚到的理由是火车晚点了.
This new school will have no playground for the time being.
这所新学校将暂时没有操场.
If one does not have respect for oneself, one can't expect others to respect him.
如果一个人不能自重,那么就别指望别人尊敬他.
Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain.
没有人确切知道地球的年龄.
6. From
differ from 与……不同,相异
dismiss … from 解雇,使……离职
infer … from 从……推论出
prevent … from 阻止,防碍
protect … from 保护……以免
resign from 辞职
suffer from 受……之苦
tell … from 把……与……区分开来
from a distance 从远处,远远地
from the heart 诚心诚意地
from the first 从一开始
例如：
You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower.
你甚至可以到店里去避避雨.
From the first I disliked him.
从一开始我就不喜欢他.
The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.
患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多.
Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine.
爱伦和我在同一个历史班,但他的作业跟我的不同.
assist in 帮助做某事
consist in 在于
engage in 从事,参与
give in 让步,妥协
specialize in 专攻,专门研究
take in 欺骗,收容
belief in 信仰,相信
a delight in 以……为乐
an expert in 专家,能手
in fact 事实上
in the event of 万一
in one's opinion 据……见解
in bloom 开着花
in the direction of 朝……方向
in comparison with 与……比较
in possession of 拥有,占有
in view of 由于,考虑到
in any event 无论如何
in the course of 在……过程中
in short 简言之
believe in 信仰,信赖
end in 以……告终
excel in (在某方面)突出地好
invest … in 在……投资
succeed in 在……方面获得成功
participate in 参加
confidence in 信任,相信
difficulty in 困难,困境
pleasure in 高兴
a rise in 上涨,增长
(there is no) point in (做某事没)有意义
There's no harm in 不妨
a specialist in 专家
an interest in 兴趣,关心
participation in 参加
trouble in 苦恼,麻烦
interested in 对……感兴趣
fortunate in 有幸
constant in 对……持久
lacking in 缺乏
expert in 在……熟练
confident in 信任
in time 及时
in the interest of 为了……利益
例如：
We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again.
我们希望我们应再次彼此信任.
He listened in while we were discussing this question.
他窃听了我们讨论的这个问题.
In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation.
总之,我是不会接受邀请的.
We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds.
我们必须放弃这一计划,因为我们缺少资金.
This shop specializes in tea and coffee.
这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡.
He wants to have a rise in wages.
他想要增加工资.
In comparison with England, Ireland has a small population.
与英格兰相比,爱尔兰人口很少.
8. Into
argue … into 说服……做
frighten … into 恐吓……做
plunge into 投身于
run into 碰见
turn … into 把……变成
divide … into 把……分成
translate … into 把……翻译成
force … into 迫使……做
crash into 撞到……上
burst into 突然开始,爆发出
burst into 闯入
inquire into 调查
reason … into 说服……做
talk … into 说服……做
trick … into 诱骗……做
deceive … into 欺骗……去做
pull into 到达,开进
cut into 减轻,减少
change … into 把……变成
break into 突然闯入
例如：
On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.
一听到这一不幸消息,她突然哭了起来.
The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat.
出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西.
They frightened the old lady into signing the contract.
他们吓嘘老太太签了合同.
9. Of
worthy of 值得
tired 厌倦
considerate of 体贴
aware of 知道
conscious of 认识到
proud of 骄傲
composed of 由……组成
certain of 确信
regardless of 不管
fond of 喜爱
cautious of 小心
innocent of 清白,无罪
approve of 赞成,批准
consist of 由……组成
inform … of 通知
rob … of 抢劫
convince … of 使……确信
deprive … of 剥夺,使……丧失
dispose of 处理
suspect … of 怀疑
guilty of 犯罪
ignorant of 忽视
accuse … of 控告(某人)
assure … of 使……确信
hear of 听说
remind … of 使想起,提醒
smell of 有……气味
cure … of 治愈……病
die of 死于
speak of 谈到,提及
例如：
Mr. Green told us that he was ashamed of having a black sheep in the family.
Three students were accused of cheating in the examination.
He is worthy of the honour.
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
They deprived the criminal of his rights.
I was sick of her way of dancing.
10. To
access to 进入,通道
attention to 注意
exposure to 暴露
injury to 损伤,伤害
an objection to 反对
dedication to 献身,热爱
resistance to 阻力,抵抗
similarity to 类似,相似
similar to 相似,相同
indifferent to 不在乎
equal to 等于
devoted to 献身于
contrary to 违反,相反
adapt to 使习惯
amount to 相当于,等于
confess to 承认
owe … to 把……归功于
report to 报到
stick to 坚持
to a certain extent 在一定程度上
to one's satisfaction 使……满意
to the utmost 尽力
an attitude to 态度
(attach) importance to 重视
a limit 限制
contribution to 贡献,捐助
a disgrace to 耻辱
a response to 反应,响应
a visit to 访问,拜访
relevant to 对……有关
inferior to 比……下等
grateful to 感激
insensitive to 迟钝
parellel to 平行
add to 增加,加强
belong to 属于
lead to 导致
prefer to 宁可,更喜欢
sentence … to 宣判
turn to 求助于
to one's liking 合……胃口
to one's face 当面
to one's benefit 对……有益
to one's taste 合……胃口
例如：
He answered the questions to everybody's satisfaction.
他回答了问题,使人人都很满意.
The professor sometimes makes remarks that are not relevant to the topic.
有时候那位教授训一些跟主题无关的话题.
I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive.
我反对这项计划,理由是费用过于庞大.
The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain.
由于长期淋雨,油漆脱落了.
Your computer is similar to mine.
你的计算机与我的相似.
I sympathize with her only to a certain extent.
我只是在一定程度上同情她.
He dedicated his life to the cause of medicine.
他将一生献给了医学事业.
11. On
advice on 忠告,意见
an attack on 袭击,攻击
dependence on 依靠,依赖
an emphasis on 强调,重点
(keep) an eye on 照看,注意
an influence on 影响
(have) mercy on 怜悯,对…表示同情
act on 对……起作用
base on 以……为基础
concentrate … on 将(思想、精力)集中于,全神贯注
depend on 依赖、依靠
focus on 把……集中在……上
impose … on 把……强加于
live on 靠……生活,以……为主食
wait on 侍候
on the increase 正在增长
例如：
He has done a great deal of research on that subject.
他对那个专题已经进行了大量的研究.
ill with 有病
disappointed with 失望
concerned with 关心
agree with 同意 (某人的意见)
cooperate with 与……合作
do away with 废除,取消
come up with 想出
keep up with ?上
share … with 与……合用
with ease 轻易地
with reference to 关于
with respect to 关于
例如：
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了一个增加销售额的新主意.
He kept in touch with her family while he was overseas.
他在海外时一直与家人保持着联系.
I am very disappointed with the results of the experiment.
我对实验的结果非常失望.
They have been arrested and charged with robbery.
他们已经被逮捕,并被指挥犯有推动罪.
I have no connection with that firm.
我与那个公司没有关系.

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/12690112.html

楼上已经归纳好了

如果要把这些介词一下搞懂，光靠查字典是记不住的，你最好是记一些固定搭配，并通过句子和文章来加深记忆，这是学英语的使用有效的方法。
以of为例，你就可以找到很多词语搭配，如hear of ，get rid of ，think of，lack of等等，搞清了他们的意思，你也就很容易分清介词的用法了。
我是英语专业的，这是我的一点经验，谢谢！...

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如果要把这些介词一下搞懂，光靠查字典是记不住的，你最好是记一些固定搭配，并通过句子和文章来加深记忆，这是学英语的使用有效的方法。
以of为例，你就可以找到很多词语搭配，如hear of ，get rid of ，think of，lack of等等，搞清了他们的意思，你也就很容易分清介词的用法了。
我是英语专业的，这是我的一点经验，谢谢！

收起

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/4436549.html

上一讲，我们讲了形容词和副词。这一讲我们来学学介词。
介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂，在英语学习中须多多注意。 想看基础知识，请看介词。
下面我们来学点介词口诀。帮你快速记单词。
一、介词及介词短语
介词像个“游离体”， 名前动后常出...

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上一讲，我们讲了形容词和副词。这一讲我们来学学介词。
介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂，在英语学习中须多多注意。 想看基础知识，请看介词。
下面我们来学点介词口诀。帮你快速记单词。
一、介词及介词短语
介词像个“游离体”， 名前动后常出现，
一旦组成“某结构”， 句中成分有一位。
“介+宾”叫“介短”， 作“形、副”句里边。
“宾补、表、定、状”， 都能用得上①。
“动+介”——动词性②， “及、不及物”谓语用。
成语、习语常固定， 应用起来有弹性。
注 ①介词后面的名词、代词或数词是介词的宾语，介词和介词宾语合成介词短语。介词短语在句中的语法作用相当于形容词或副词，在句中做宾（主）语、补足语、表语、定语或状语。
②“动词+介词（副词）”组成一个动词词组或短语动词，其语法作用相当于一个及物动词或不及物动词，在句中作谓语。
二、介词在句中的位置
介词活跃句关键， 短语合成形简单，
独作成分看不见， 介短表定状可担。
before时空在之前， after之后off远。
直上 over，above斜， under，below下相反。
直到till，on表面， 穿过through，for因缘。
by表旁边in里面， with伴随by车船。
时间地点at、in、on， 二者between多among，
behind后面beside旁， 附近near沿着along。
from来自like像， 表示目的for，to当。
of所属周围round， 向上up向下down。
三、on,at,in用法巧记
on，at，in这三个常用介词都可以表示时间和地点，但具体用法不同，多数学生对它们混淆不清。现在只要记住了口诀，就可避免at，on，in的种种误用。
1. on，in，at表示时间
on“在具体某一天”①
“当某时”，动名词， arrival，death前；
用in一般“上”“下”“晚”；
on用于天，in用于月、季、年③；
限定三时in要变。④
at是个时间点，
“工作”“时刻”与“圣诞”⑤。
at noon（night），in the day，
习惯用语记心间。
注：①on表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。
例 On Mother's Day, we should sned flowers to our mother. 母亲节，我们应该送花给我们的母亲。
On my arrival home，I found he had gone already．当我到家时，我发现他已经走了。
② 当early，late用于句首修饰介词短语时，尽管表示具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上，都要用in，泛指一般的上、下午，晚上也用in 。
例 Early in the morning of National Day，I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo． 国庆节一清早，我便起床去赶到动物园的第一班公共汽车。
My father begins work at 8：00 in the morning and stops work at 4：00 in the afternoon． 我父亲上午8点上班，下午4点下班。
③于将来时态表示“过一段时间后” 及表示“在……期间” 和“在某个季节，某年、某月” 都用in。
例 I hear he’ll be back in a month．我听说他将于一个月后回来。
In the course of the last lesson in French，little Franz was listening to the master very attentively．在那最后一堂法语课中，小弗朗兹非常用心地听着老师讲。
Xiao Ming was born in December of 2004. 小明生于2004年12月。
④当 morning，afternoon，evening有前位定语或后置定语限定时，就不用in而用on。
例 on a hot (summer) noon 在一个炎热（夏天）的中午
on Monday Morning 在星期一上午
on the morning of March 8th在3月8日上午
⑤ 表示某时某刻及在work，Christmas前用at。
例 We get up at eight o’clock． 我们8点起床。
My father are busily at work all day． 我父亲整天忙于工作。
In western countries children get present from their parents at Christmas． 在西方国家，孩子们在圣诞节得到父亲给的礼物。
2. on，in，at表示地点
on“在之上”接触面，“靠近、接壤、左右边”①；
in“在里面”和“中间”②；
at表示小地点， “入口、车站、电影院”③；
home出现定语、冠， 须用in把at换④；
“夜间、车辆”若有限， 及“在途中”on在前⑤。
注： ①在表示地点时，指“在……之上（与表面接触）” “靠近、接壤”及“在左右边”都用on。
例 There is an English-Chinese dictionary and two grammar books on the big desk．那张大写字台上有一本英汉词典和两本语法书。
Korea lies on the northeast of China． 朝鲜位于中国东北方。
Tom was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday． 我们昨天看电影时，汤姆坐在我左边。
②表示“在……里面”（即物体内部），“在……中间”（即middle前）都用in。
例 Jim turned the key in the lock and opened the door． 吉姆把钥匙插在锁孔里，转动一下，打开了门。
Soon they were in the middle of the river． 很快他们就游到了河中间。

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