什么是英语虚拟语气? 构成是什么?帮一下忙,谢谢!越详细越好 谢谢

什么是英语虚拟语气? 构成是什么?帮一下忙,谢谢!
越详细越好 谢谢

虚拟语气的几点特殊用法
虚拟语气的几点特殊用法
1、在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式.
例如： 1）If I were you,I wouldn\'t have missed the film last night．如果我是你,我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影.（从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反.）
2）If he had followed the doctor\'s advice,he would recover already．如果他遵照医生的劝告,现在病就好了.（从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反.）
2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should 移到句首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变.
例如： 1）Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park．如果能抽出时间,我们很乐意逛公园.
2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconveniece．假如没有发现电,现代世界将很不方便.
3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词（如without, but for等）引出的短语、分词（如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or,otherwise,but,though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达.此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式.
例如： 1）But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work．要不是你的劝告,我是不会做这份工作的.
2）Victor obviously doesn\'t know what\'s happened,otherwise he wouldn\'t have made such a stupid remark．显然维克多不知道发生了什么事情.不然的话,他就不会说这样愚蠢的话了.
4、在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或\"should ＋动词原形\"表示虚拟语气.这类动词有ask,demand, insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等.
例如： 1）They demanded that the aggressor troops（should）be withdrawn immediately．他们要求立即撤出侵略军.
2）I moved that he（should）be discharged for his serious mistake．我建议,由于他犯有严重错误,应解除他的职务.
5、在\"would（had）rather（would sooner,would as soon）＋宾语从句\"句型中,要求后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气.但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设,而是一种尚未实现的愿望,其从句谓语动词用一般过去时.
例如： 1）I would rather you came next Friday．我希望你下周五来.
2）I\'d just as soon you didn\'t speak rudely to her．我真希望你别对她那么粗鲁地讲话.
6、在和idea,necessity,plan, motion,order,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,under- standing等词有关的同位语或表语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或\"should ＋动词原形\"表示虚拟语气.
例如： 1）M y idea is that the group（should）hold another session to discuss the problem．我的意见是小组召开另一次会议来讨论这个问题.
2）Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project．我们强调在开始制定一个新的计划之前,必须把要达到的所有目标都考虑进去.
7、在某些\"It is ＋形容词＋that．．．\"句型中,如\"It is important（necessary,essential, natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange）that．．．\",that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词均用动词原形或\"should ＋动词原形\"来表示虚拟语气.
例如： 1）It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college．人们迫切地希望能给这个学院派一个新院长.
2）It is strange that the girl（should）be so arrogant．真奇怪,这个女孩竟会如此傲慢.
8、在\"It is ordered（suggested,demanded,moved,planned等）＋that．．．\"这个句型中,that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气形式,谓语动词用动词原形或\"should ＋动词原形\".
例如： 1）It is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party．有人提议露茜在晚会上表演一个节目.
2）It was suggested that more teachers （should）be sent there to help them．有人建议派更多的老师去那儿帮助他们.
9、as if ／though可以引出一个状语从句也可以引出一个表语从句.当as if ／though跟在be,feel,look,seem ,sound等系动词之后时,引导的是表语从句；如果主句的谓语动词不是联系动词be等,as if ／though引导的则是方式状语从句.无论是哪种类型的从句,只要从句的内容是不真实的,都必须用虚拟语气.当从句表示与现在的事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反要用\"had ＋过去分词\"；表示与将来可能相反的则用\"would（could,might）＋动词原形\".
例如： 1）I feel as if I were going to faint．我感到我像要昏过去似的.（与现在事实相反的表语从句）
2）She cried as if her heart could be broken．她哭的好像心都要碎了.（与将来可能相反的主语从句）
10、在It is（about ／high）time引导的定语从句中,也可以根据需要使用虚拟语气,用以表示\"（此刻）该做.而没有做\"的意思,其谓语动词用过去时或\"should ＋动词原形（用should时,不能将其省略）\".
例如： 1）It is time I should leave．我该走了.
2）It is about time that you got（should get） dressed．你该穿衣服了.
11、if only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构,现在已成为惯用法,表达愿望.从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望；对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望,从句就用过去完成时.这类句型表示一种不真实的条件,常译成\"要是.就好了!\"
例如： 1）If only I had taken mother\'s advice．我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了.
2）If only I could speak several foreign languages．我要是能讲几种外语就好了.
12、在以in order that,so that,lest引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气.从句中的谓语动词用\"may（might）＋动词原形\"或\"should ＋动词原形\".在以lest引导的从句中,谓语动词用\"should ＋动词原形\".
例如： 1）She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother．她在家里呆了好几天,以便能照顾生病的母亲.
2）The teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly．老师一再解释这些句子以便学生能够清楚地理解.
虚拟语气除了用作状语从句中外,还可以用作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从句中.
语法要览--主语从句中的使用
当it作形式主语,后面用形容词作表语,即在it is + adj.这样的句型中,当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable, critical,crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, incredible, inevitable, necessary, recommend, strange, urgent等形容词时,主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,如果是现在时,谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略)；如果是过去时,则用should/would + have done的形式.
example 121.(2000年Text 1)
真题回放：It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.
破解真题：这是一个含有主语从句的复合句.句首的It是形式主语,真正主语是that从句,该主语从句使用了虚拟语气should+完成时.
参考译文：随着其他国家日益富裕,美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的.惟其不可避免,从优势地位上退出愈发痛苦不堪.
example 121.(05年Text 2)
真题回放："Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions."
破解真题：我们重点看一下...and it is critical that...of present actions这一部分内容,这是一个含有主语从句的复合句.It是形式主语,真正主语是that our nation...of present actions这个从句；该主语从句中,谓语动词base是虚拟式,前边省略了should表示与现在事实相反.
参考译文：科学从不提供现成的答案.可是,科学确实给我们提供了通往未来的最好向导,我们的国家和世界在制订重要政策时,考虑到现行措施对将来产生的后果,最好以科学为依据.
语法要览--宾语从句中的使用
表示"建议、请求、命令、要求"等主观意向的词(如：suggest、advise、assume、decide、demand、desire、insist、propose、order、recommend、require、suggest...),引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气.虚拟语气中的格式很固定：谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略.注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响(这一点有别于陈述语气的宾语从句).
example 123.(2004年Close test)
真题回放：Theories concerning on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.
破解真题：此句是个含有一个宾语从句、两个原因状语从句的复合句.suggest是主句谓语,Suggest后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词engage in前面省略了should.
参考译文：关于个体研究的理论认为,孩子们从事犯罪活动是因为以前他们做错事情时对他们的惩罚力度不够,或是因为他们通过与其他人的交往学会了犯罪.
名词advice、assumption、decision、demand、desire、insistence、order、proposal、requirement、recommendation、suggestion...后面若有同位语从句,从句的谓语动词也应使用虚拟语气的形式.此规则同样适用于表语从句.
example 124. (2005年Text 1)
真题回放：Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
破解真题：这是个含有同位语从句的复合句.that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成.
参考译文：这样的行为被认为"完全是人类独有的特点",其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感.
语法要览－－表语从句中的使用
与同位语从句一样,若主语是某些特定动词的同根名词（参考上一部分同位语从句）,要在它后面的表语从句要用虚拟式.
以上部分是虚拟语气的主要用法,虚拟语气还有一些其它用法,如在口语中表示客气和委婉、请求或邀请、建议或劝告、祝福等,还有在if only因起的惊叹句中也常用虚拟语气.这些用法相对较为简单,在近年的考验试题中罕有涉及,故此处不再赘述.
example 125．
（英语专业四级考试01 年 Text D）
真题回放：Another decision is whether the school should be one of the vast majority financed by the State or one of the very small but influential minority of private schools, though this choice is, of course, only available to the small number of those who can pay.
破解真题：这是个含有表语从句的复合句.主语是another decision；谓语是is；whether.or.是表语从句,其中谓语动词由should＋动词原形be构成.

语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等，所说的话有的与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。除了if条件句外，还有几种常用的条件句，短语也可表示条件。此外，上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境。但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致，有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况。除了与条件句在一起使...

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语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等，所说的话有的与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。除了if条件句外，还有几种常用的条件句，短语也可表示条件。此外，上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境。但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致，有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况。除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外，有些宾语从句或表语从句也有用虚拟语气的情况。
I虚拟语气的形式与基本用法
一、虚拟语气的形式
虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面四类
假设类型
条件从句谓语
动词形式
主语谓语
动词形式
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)
would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had+ -ED分词
would(第一人称可用should)
+have + -ED分词
与将来事实相反
were to + 动词原形
would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
与将来事实可能相反
should + 动词原形
would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
二、虚拟语气的基本用法
1. 与现在的事实相反
1) What type of automobile would you buy ？
〔A〕 if you have free choice to choose the cars available today
〔B〕 if you are free to choose among all the cars available today
〔C〕 if all cars available were free to be chosen by you
〔D〕 if you were free to choose among all the cars available today
2. 与过去的事实相反(有时主句中的should have done表示责备或后悔)
2) ，he would have come to class.
〔A〕 If Mike is able to finish his homework
〔B〕 Would Mike be able to finish his homework
〔C〕 If Mike could finish his homework
〔D〕 If Mike had been able to finish his homework
3) If the United States had not entered the Second World War，probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14％ still further.
〔A〕 would rise
〔B〕 would risen
〔C〕 would have risen
〔D〕 had risen
4) Top?grade 〔A〕 diamonds had not 〔B〕 increased so sharply 〔C〕 in value in the late seventies 〔D〕 if one company had not controlled almost all of the world’s supply.
3. 与将来的事实相反
5) The report would be 〔A〕 released last January if new developments had not 〔B〕 made it necessary to revise all conclusions drawn from 〔C〕 the first series of 〔D〕 experiments.
6) It is said Tom will go to an appointment tommorrow. If he were to come tomorrow, I ask him to go to your place.
〔A〕 will
〔B〕 would
〔C〕 shall
〔D〕 might
7) If you to see Mary，what would you tell her?
〔A〕 are
〔B〕 will be going
〔C〕 must
〔D〕 were
4. 与将来的事实可能相反
(1) If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 要是万一 明天下雨，我就呆在家里不出去。 事实上 现在天气很好，明天下雨的可能性应该不大，不过也说不准。
(2) If I should see her next Monday, I would tell her about it. 如果下周一我能见到她的话我就把这件事告诉她。
三、例题解析
1) D为正确答案。
2) D为正确答案。
3) C为正确答案。
4) B错。改为would have not。
5) A错。改为would have been。
6) B为正确答案。
7) D为正确答案。
II 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式
一、表示“好像”：除了if条件从句外，由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时，意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气。其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反
1) Violetta has a curious 〔A〕 expression on 〔B〕 her face as though she was smiling 〔C〕 about something that amused her 〔D〕 .
二、特殊连词的需要：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should＋加动词原形)
We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry. (我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑，恐怕他生气。)
He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match. (他加紧步伐，生怕在急行军中掉队。)
Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. (我对他特别关照，唯恐他感觉到比我的其他客人低人一等。)
He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。)
三、介词短语表示虚拟： 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设
He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。)
We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假设我们有更有利条件，我们还会做得更好。)
2) But for his help，I .
〔A〕 should not have succeeded
〔B〕 had not succeeded
〔C〕 did not succeed
〔D〕 have not succeeded
3) The complex society of a modern 〔A〕 civilization would be 〔B〕 impossible not having 〔C〕 the art of writing 〔D〕 .
4) But that he came to help me, I .
〔A〕 could not have succeeded
〔B〕 did not succeed
〔C〕 could not succeed
〔D〕 can’t but succeed
四、虚拟错综条件句：上面几种假设类型中，主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应。但是，如果主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致，谓语动词形式应做适当调整
If I had a bike(now), I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。(主句与过去事实相反，从句与现在事实相反。) I am very sorry if I had done anything wrong to you, but I am sure that it was unintentional.(如果我当时对你作错了什么事，我向你表示抱歉。但我敢保证我不是故意的。)
5) If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country so serious.
〔A〕 wouldn’t be
〔B〕 will not have been
〔C〕 wouldn’t have been
〔D〕 would have not been
6) If you had not studied the problem carefully until recently .
〔A〕 you will find any difficulty now
〔B〕 you would have found any difficulty now
〔C〕 you would find any difficulty now
〔D〕 you have find any difficulty now
五、省略虚拟条件句：虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是were或should(could, might), had等词时，可以省略连词If, 但要将were或should(could, might), had助动词移至主语前形成句子例装(参见第十三章“倒装句”)
7) today, he would get there by Thursday.
〔A〕 He is starting out
〔B〕 If he starts out
〔C〕 Would he start out
〔D〕 Were he to start out.
8) ，John would not have failed.
〔A〕 If he has listened to me
〔B〕 Had he listened to me
〔C〕 If he listened to me
〔D〕 As soon as he listened to me
9) I known it，I should have told him.
〔A〕 Have
〔B〕 Had
〔C〕 Having
〔D〕 If
10) Hadn’t my car broken down，I the train.
〔A〕 should have caught
〔B〕 might catch
〔C〕 could catch
〔D〕 had caught
六、例题解析
1) C错。 改为were smiling。
2) A为正确答案。
3) C错。 改为without。
4) A为正确答案。
5) A为正确答案。
6) C为正确答案。
7) D为正确答案。
8) B为正确答案。
9) B为正确答案。
10) A为正确答案。
III 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况
一、在wish的宾语从句中
1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反
She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱。) / I wish I didn't say that. (要是我不说这件事就好了。) / I wished I were not so worried. Then I would not have had the accident. ( 我要是不那么忧郁就好了，那也就不会发生那场事故了。)
1) I wish I knew 〔A〕 you were arriving 〔B〕 today. I would have met 〔C〕 you at 〔D〕 the station if I had.
2) She wishes that we didn’t send 〔A〕 her the candy 〔B〕 yesterday because 〔C〕 she’s on 〔D〕 a diet.
3) My brother is in 〔A〕 California on 〔B〕 vacation，but I wish he was 〔C〕 here so that he could help me repair my car 〔D〕 .
2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时，可用过去时，也可用would＋动词原形
I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会。) / She wishes you wouldn't go. (她希望你不要走。)
3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气，表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时
4) I’d rather you anything about it for the time being.
〔A〕 do
〔B〕 didn’t do
〔C〕 don’t
〔D〕 didn’t
5) I rather you did it.
〔A〕 had
〔B〕 should
〔C〕 shall
〔D〕 have
6) I much rather it was forgotten.
〔A〕 will
〔B〕 could
〔C〕 would
〔D〕 shall
二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中：一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形。这些词可分为下列几类
1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句
suggest(建议)， propose (提议)， recommend(建议)， move (提议)， advise(建议)， insist(坚持)， urge(极力主张)， ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算)， prefer(宁愿)， urge(敦促)。
7) The chairman requested that .
〔A〕 the members studied more carefully the problem
〔B〕 the problem was more carefulnessly studied
〔C〕 with more carefulness the problem could be studied
〔D〕 the members study the problem more carefully
8) The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting.
〔A〕 would be discussed
〔B〕 will be discussed
〔C〕 be discussed
〔D〕 may be discussed
9) The doctor insisted that his patient .
〔A〕 that he not work too hard for three months
〔B〕 take it easy for three months
〔C〕 taking it easy inside of three months
〔D〕 to take some vacations for three months
When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)
He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)
One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English?speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)
2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时，这时宾语从句一般用it来代替)：这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should ＋ 动词原形”或省略should，只用动词原形
it is necessary 【 essential (重要的)， vital(极重要的，不可缺少的)，important,imperative(必须的)，urgent(紧要的)，advisable(应该的)，proper(适当的)，obligatory (必须的)，desirable(今人满意的，值得的)，appropriate(合适的)，fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that…； it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that … .
10) From the standpoint of the long?term strategic interest of the West it is imperative that .
〔A〕 their territorial unity being a safeguard
〔B〕 their unity is a territorial safeguard
〔C〕 they’re a territorial safeguard
〔D〕 their territorial unity be a safeguard
11) The irritable 〔A〕 sergeant was 〔B〕 insistent that nothing supersedes 〔C〕 the drilling(训练) of the forty new men 〔D〕 .
12) It is extremely 〔A〕 necessary that you will realize 〔B〕 that reading is not only 〔C〕 a physical 〔D〕 and metal process.
3. 下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接“that”引导的表语从句和同位语从句。这种由that引导的从句其谓语动词通常用should＋动词原形或省略should。这类词有：order, request, requiremetn, insistence，suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议)，proposal(建议)，recommendation(建议)，understanding(协议), resolution(决定，决议)
13) The judge assented to the suggestion that .
〔A〕 both of the criminals will soon be set freedom
〔B〕 some of the criminals there are of guilt only
〔C〕 the girl was to be paroled in the custody of a welfare society
〔D〕 the prisoner be sentenced to death
4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等
I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。
14) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran，they would be faced by a large army?
〔A〕 It is believed
〔B〕 Should they believe
〔C〕 They would believe
〔D〕 If they would believe
15) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.
〔A〕 will leave
〔B〕 may leave
〔C〕 leave
〔D〕 leaves
5. 另外，在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装
If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。)
16) ,I will take her as my wife.
〔A〕 Were she rich or poor
〔B〕 Being rich or poor
〔C〕 Be she poor or rich
〔D〕 Whether is she poor or rich
但如果把引导词去掉，我们就要用倒装句，如上述几句可变为
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
三、it is (high) time， 〔该(必须)做……〕等词或短语后面的 从句 中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气
It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了。)
It is high time that this wrong spending .
〔A〕 checks
〔B〕 checked
〔C〕 was checked
〔D〕 is to check
答案： C。
此外，还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构，一般表示愿望，如： If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了。) / If only she had never been married. (要是她从没有结婚就好了。)
四、例题解析
1) A错。改为had known。第二句的条件从句(if I had)其实是省略句，完整的句子应为if I had known you were arriving today，所以A处为had known。
2) A错。改为hadn’t sent。
3) C错。改为were。
4) B为正确答案。
5) A为正确答案。
6) C为正确答案。
7) D 为正确答案。
8) C为正确答案。
9) B为正确答案。
10) D为正确答案。
11) C错。改为(should) supersede。
12) B错。改为realize。
13) D为正确答案。
14) B 为正确答案。
15) C 为正确答案。
16) C为正确答案。

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虚拟语气主要说的就是对未发生事情表达的看法。举个例子说，英语里面说假如我是你那就好啦。这个我是你，就是一个非现实的情况。这种情况我们就用虚拟语气来表述。虚拟语气的用法主要有对现在对过去对未来的虚拟。
对现在的虚拟：if+过去式 主句：would（should，might，could）+do
对过去的虚拟：if+过去完成式 主句：would（should，might，could）+h...

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虚拟语气主要说的就是对未发生事情表达的看法。举个例子说，英语里面说假如我是你那就好啦。这个我是你，就是一个非现实的情况。这种情况我们就用虚拟语气来表述。虚拟语气的用法主要有对现在对过去对未来的虚拟。
对现在的虚拟：if+过去式 主句：would（should，might，could）+do
对过去的虚拟：if+过去完成式 主句：would（should，might，could）+have done
对将来的虚拟：if+were to（should）do 主句：would（should，might，could）+do
这几个是最基本的形式。再有的话，在限定字数内说不清了。只要掌握好这几种，了解虚拟语气的基本情况，其余的也就好理解了。

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