计算机英语文章翻译1因文章太长,一次贴不完,所以分2次贴,每篇80积分第一段Program Development Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development progra

计算机英语文章翻译1
因文章太长,一次贴不完,所以分2次贴,每篇80积分
第一段
Program Development
Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development programs. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language. With the text editor, the programmer creates a text file, which is an ordered list of instructions, also called the program source file. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. At this point, a special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object code—a format that the operating system will recognize as a proper program and be able to execute.
Three types of applications programs translate from source code to object code: compilers, interpreters, and assemblers. The three operate differently and on different types of programming languages, but they serve the same purpose of translating from a programming language into machine language.
A compiler translates text files written in a high-level programming language—such as FORTRAN, C, or Pascal—from the source code to the object code all at once. This differs from the approach taken by interpreted languages such as BASIC, in which a program is translated into object code statement by statement as each instruction is executed. The advantage to interpreted languages is that they can begin executing the program immediately instead of having to wait for all of the source code to be compiled. Changes can also be made to the program fairly quickly without having to wait for it to be compiled again. The disadvantage of interpreted languages is that they are slow to execute, since the entire program must be translated one instruction at a time, each time the program is run. On the other hand, compiled languages are compiled only once and thus can be executed by the computer much more quickly than interpreted languages.

辛苦啊~一字一句的翻下来···还要斟酌用词.BS机器翻译~英语中长句较为多见,而中文常常是用短句的,所以有些句子帮楼主切分了,但从文的角度看是更加顺畅了,也更符合汉语的规则.：）
程序的开发
软件设计师一般通过特殊的应用程序来创作新的程序,这种程序常常被称作实用程序或开发程序.程序员运用另一种叫做文字编辑器的程序,在一个名为编程语言的特殊标记中写入新的程序.通过文字编辑器,程序员可以建立一个文本文件,既一排有序列表的命令组,也就是我们所说的源文件程序.有单个命令组成的源文件被称为源代码.这时,有一种特殊的应用程序会把源代码转换成计算机语言,或者是目标代码——操作系统可识别成合适的程序然后执行的一种格式.
从源代码转换成目标码中一共有三种不同类型的应用程序：编译程序,解释程序和汇编程序.这三种程序运行起来各有不同,而且基于不同的程序设计语言.但是它们都服务于统一目标,就是把编程语言转换成机器语言.
编译程序专门转换用高级编程语言写入的文本文件,譬如公式翻译程序,C语言程序,或者帕斯卡语言程序,也就是一次性地从源代码转换成目标码.这不同于直译式语言程序的的方式比如Basic语言,在Basic语言中程序的目标码转换是通过每一个相应指令的执行,最后转换成一个个循环语句.直译式语言的优势就是它们不必等待所有源代码被编译,而是可以立即执行程序.如要对程序行进修改也相当快捷,而无需等待二次编译.但是直译式语言的缺点就是它们的执行速度比较缓慢,因为整个程序的运行中一次只能执行一个计算机命令.反过来说,编译语言只需被编译一次,从而和直译式语言相比可以更快地被电脑执行.