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First Inaugural Address of George Washington .
THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
THURSDAY, APRIL 30, 1789.
Fellow Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
Among the vicissit...

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First Inaugural Address of George Washington .
THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
THURSDAY, APRIL 30, 1789.
Fellow Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
Among the vicissitudes incident to life no event could have filled
me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was
transmitted by your order, and received on the 14th day of the
present month. On the one hand, I was summoned by my Country,
whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a
retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in
my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of
my declining years a retreat which was rendered every day more
necessary as well as more dear to me by the addition of habit to
inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the
gradual waste committed on it by time. On the other hand, the
magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my
country called me, being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and
most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his
qualifications, could not but overwhelm with despondence one
who (inheriting inferior endowments from nature and unpracticed
in the duties of civil administration) ought to be peculiarly
conscious of his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions all I
dare aver is that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty
from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might
be affected. All I dare hope is that if, in executing this task, I have
been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former
instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent
proof of the confidence of my fellow citizens, and have thence too
little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the
weighty and untried cares before me, my error will be palliated by
the motives which mislead me, and its consequences be judged by
my country with some share of the partiality in which they
originated.
Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the
public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be
peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent
supplications to that Almighty Being who rules over the universe,
who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential
aids can supply every human defect, that His benediction may
consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the
United States a Government instituted by themselves for these
essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in
its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to
his charge. In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every
public and private good, I assure myself that it expresses your
sentiments not less than my own, nor those of my fellow citizens
at large less than either. No people can be bound to acknowledge
and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men
more than those of the United States. Every step by which they
have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to
have been distinguished by some token of providential agency; and
in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their
united government the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent
of so many distinct communities from which the event has resulted
can not be compared with the means by which most governments
have been established without some return of pious gratitude,
along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the
past seem to presage. These reflections, arising out of the present
crisis, have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be
suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are
none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and
free government can more auspiciously commence.
By the article establishing the executive department it is made the
duty of the President "to recommend to your consideration such
measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. " The
circumstances under which I now meet you will acquit me from
entering into that subject further than to refer to the great
constitutional charter under which you are assembled, and which,
in defining your powers, designates the objects to which your
attention is to be given. It will be more consistent with those
circumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings which
actuate me, to substitute, in place of a recommendation of
particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the
rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to
devise and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications I behold
the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or
attachments, no separate views nor party animosities, will
misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch
over this great assemblage of communities and interests, so, on
another, that the foundation of our national policy will be laid in
the pure and immutable principles of private morality, and the
preeminence of free government be exemplified by all the
attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command
the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect with every
satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire, since
there is no truth more thoroughly established than that there exists
in the economy and course of nature an indissoluble union between
virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage; between the
genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and the
solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity; since we ought to
be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of Heaven can
never be expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of
order and right which Heaven itself has ordained; and since the
preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of the
republican model of government are justly considered, perhaps, as
deeply, as finally, staked on the experiment entrusted to the hands
of the American people.
Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain
with your judgment to decide how far an exercise of the occasional
power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is rendered
expedient at the present juncture by the nature of objections which
have been urged against the system, or by the degree of inquietude
which has given birth to them. Instead of undertaking particular
recommendations on this subject, in which I could be guided by no
lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again give way to
my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public
good; for I assure myself that whilst you carefully avoid every
alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united and
effective government, or which ought to await the future lessons of
experience, a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen and
a regard for the public harmony will sufficiently influence your
deliberations on the question how far the former can be
impregnably fortified or the latter be safely and advantageously
promoted.
To the foregoing observations I have one to add, which will be
most properly addressed to the House of Representatives. It
concerns myself, and will therefore be as brief as possible. When I
was first honored with a call into the service of my country, then
on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties, the light in which
I contemplated my duty required that I should renounce every
pecuniary compensation. From this resolution I have in no instance
departed; and being still under the impressions which produced it, I
must decline as inapplicable to myself any share in the personal
emoluments which may be indispensably included in a permanent
provision for the executive department, and must accordingly pray
that the pecuniary estimates for the station in which I am placed
may during my continuance in it be limited to such actual
expenditures as the public good may be thought to require.
Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as they have been
awakened by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my
present leave; but not without resorting once more to the benign
Parent of the Human Race in humble supplication that, since He
has been pleased to favor the American people with opportunities
for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and dispositions for
deciding with unparalleled unanimity on a form of government for
the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness,
so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged
views, the temperate consultations, and the wise measures on
which the success of this Government must depend.
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