请问这个based是什么语法?为什么前面是过去式后面的investigate用一般现在时?Based on some qualitative and quantitative analyses,thispaper investigates the method of measuring external costs ofcongestion.

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请问这个based是什么语法?为什么前面是过去式后面的investigate用一般现在时?
Based on some qualitative and quantitative analyses,this
paper investigates the method of measuring external costs of
congestion.

Based on不是过去式,而是被动式,它与全句的主语this paper构成被动关系,前面省略了being（即开头为being based on...）.
这是非谓语动词（或者说独立主格）的一种用法.
把这句话拆成两句的话,就是：
This paper is based on some qualitative and quantitative analyses.
This paper investigates the method of measuring external costs of congestion.
不知道是不是说清楚了^_^

前面的过去式是引导定语从句的，直接用非谓语动词开头。省掉了定语从句的引导词。所以就只剩下这个过去分词。
根据一些定性和定量的分析，这份文件调查出这种会产生外在成本过剩的测量方法。

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