英语翻译Published articles about the performance appraisal process were identified using a computerized literature search (ABI/lnform) augmented by reviewing the tables of contents from several academic and practitioner journals.This literature r

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英语翻译
Published articles about the performance appraisal process were identified using a computerized literature search (ABI/lnform) augmented by reviewing the tables of contents from several academic and practitioner journals.This literature review is not exhaustive since it does not include technical reports,dissertations,textbooks,or chapters.However,we believe that it serves to indicate,with some precision,the focus of performance appraisal research,and the manner in which appraisal researchers have chosen to allocate their limitedresources.Readers interested in reviews covering earlier time periods are referred toBernardin and Beatty,1984; Bernardin and Villanova,1986; DeNisi,Cafferty,and Meglino,1984; DeNisi and Williams,1988; Feldman,1981; Landy and Farr,1980; and Wexley andKlimoski,1984.Readers should also note that some of the cognitive processing studiesidentified below are discussed in some detail in Lord and Maher's (1989) review of thecognitive processing literature.
The appendix serves as a guide to performance appraisal research published duringthis period.The appendix provides an indication of the issues being studied and themethodologies being employed.It should also assist those interested in locating research about particular topics.Recent research has been heavily weighted toward cognitive process issues.The vast majority of these studies were conducted in laboratory settings using student subjects and either paper people or video-tape formats.Rater/ratee characteristics also received considerable attention but the research was not concentrated on any particular characteristic.Study of psychometric issues remained common,with more attention focused on halo than on other issues.Feedback issues were the one area where field studies were the rule rather than the exception.Research about sources of ratings,rater training,formats,fairness,and appraisal uses and consequences was limited.However,these issueswere frequently discussed in the practitioner-oriented outlets,most often in case-studydescriptions or in "how to" articles.In the following sections,these major segments of theliterature are examined.Although space limitations preclude the discussion of every study,each section attempts to highlight the key issues examined and the methodologies commonly used.

发表文章性能评估过程被确定使用电脑化的文献搜索(ABI / lnform)增强检查表的内容从几个学术和专业期刊.本文献回顾不够全面,因为它并不包括技术报告、论文、教材、或章节.然而,我们相信,它用来显示,一些精度、性能评估研究的焦点,和方式评价研究人员已经选择将他们的limitedresources.感兴趣的读者评论覆盖更早的时间被称为toBernardin和比蒂,1984;契机和维拉诺瓦,1986;DeNisi,卡弗蒂,Meglino,1984;DeNisi和威廉姆斯,1988;1981;兰迪·费尔德曼和Farr,1980;和Wexley andKlimoski,1984.读者还应该注意,一些认知加工studiesidentified下面是中详细讨论过的主,马赫(1989)的审查可以处理文学.
阑尾充当指南发表的研究绩效评价duringthis期.附录提供了一个估计问题被研究和themethodologies被录用.它还应该帮助那些感兴趣对特定主题定位研究.最近的研究已经严重偏重于认知过程的问题.绝大多数的这些研究实验室环境中进行使用学生和要么纸人或录像格式.评定等级/受评者特征也得到了相当大的关注,但研究并不集中在任何特定的特性.心理问题的研究仍然是常见的,更多的关注比在其他问题上的光环.反馈问题是这一领域研究的领域是普遍现象而不是例外.研究来源的评级,评定等级的培训、格式、公平、和评估使用和后果是有限的.然而,这些issueswere经常盘

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发表的文章中关于绩效评估过程中被发现使用一个计算机化的文献检索（阿比/通知）增加了审查表的内容从多个学术和专业期刊。这种文献审查并不详尽，因为它不包括技术报告，学位论文，教科书，或章节。然而，我们认为，它可以表明，一些精度，重点绩效评估研究，以及以何种方式评价研究人员选择分配有限资源。有兴趣的读者评论涉及较早的时间段被称tobernardin和比蒂，1984；伯纳丁和维拉诺瓦，1986；宏观，卡弗蒂，和meglino，1984；宏观和威廉姆斯，1988；费尔德曼，1981；兰迪和法尔，1980；和韦克斯利andklimoski，1984。读者也应该注意到，一些认知加工studiesidentified下面是一些详细的讨论在耶和华和马赫的（1989）审查文献认知加工。
本附录提供了绩效评价指南研究发表在这个时期。附录提供了一个显示的问题正在研究和themethodologies雇用。它也协助感兴趣的特定主题的定位研究。最近的研究一直偏重对认知过程的问题。大部分的这些研究是在实验室设置使用的学生和任何人或录像格式。评定/受评者的特点也受到相当重视，但研究并没有集中在任何特定的特征。研究心理问题仍然普遍，更多的注意力集中在其他问题上的光环比。反馈的问题是这一领域研究领域的规则而不是例外。研究来源的评级，评估培训，格式，公平，和评价使用和后果是有限的。然而，这些issueswere经常讨论的医生为导向的门市部，最常在case-studydescriptions或“如何”的文章。在下面的部分，这些部分文献的审查。虽然空间的限制妨碍讨论每一个研究，各部分试图突出的关键问题和审查的方法，常用的。

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