英语延续性动词瞬间动词标志短语或是单词 速求

英语延续性动词瞬间动词标志短语或是单词 速求

一、延续性动词
延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续,而且可以产生持久的影响.常见的这类动词有：be,have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch等.延续性动词的用法很广,但常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for,how,long,since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用.例如：
1．I have learned more than 1,000 Chinese words since I came to China．
自从来到中国,我已经学会了l,000多个汉字.
2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自从来到这儿,我们就一直住在临清.
3．I have kept the picture for about three years．这张画我保存了大约三年.
二、瞬间动词
瞬间动词又称终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词,它表示的动作不能延续,也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束,并产生某种结果.常见的这类动词有：accept,arrive,become,begin,borrow,break,buy,catch,close,come,die,end,fall,finish,get,give,go,join,leave,put,reach,receive,shut,start,stop等.瞬间动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点：
（一）瞬间动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成.例如：
1．They have reached Shanghai．他们已经到达了上海.
2．Has he gone to London?他已经到伦敦去了吗?
（二）瞬间动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以,在现在完成时中一般不能和以since,for等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用.例如：
1．那老人已经死了一周了.The old man has died for a week．(误)
2．他三天前就已经来这儿了.He has come here since three days ago．(误)
在以上两句中,die和come都是瞬间动词,可用于现在完成时,但不能与以
since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用.那么,上面两个句子应该怎样译成英语呢?请看下面四种译法：
1．把瞬间动词改为延续性的动词.例如：
①The old man has been dead for a week．
②He has been here since three days ago．
2．把原句中的一段时间改为表示“过去”的时间,时态由现在完成时改变成一般过去时.例如：
①The old man died a week ago．
②He came here three days ago．
3．用“It is+时间+since…”句式.例如：
①It is／has been a week since the old man died．
②It has been／is three days since he came here．
4．用“多长时间+has passed+since…”句式.例如：
①A week has passed since the old men died．
②Three days had passed since he came here．
(三)有关特殊终止性动词的用法.
1．在while(表示一段时间)引导的从句里,谓语动词不能使瞬间动词,但可以把while改成when,这样,从句里的谓语动词就可以使用瞬间动词了.因为when既可以表示时间的“点”,又可以表示时间的“段”.例如：
While he got to America．he found his English Was very poor．(误)
When he got t0 America．he found his English was very poor．(正)
2．瞬间动词的否定式与until连用时,意为“直到……才／不到什么时间不……”等.例如：
Don’t get off until the bus stops．车未停稳,切勿下车.
3．瞬间动词不可以与how long引导的句式连用.例如：
How long have you borrowed the magazine?(误)
When did you borrow the magazine?(正)
How long have you kept the magazine?(正)
常见的终止性动词与延续性动词的转换有
come→be here,begin／start→be on,borrow→keep,buy→have,die→be dead,end／finish→be over,get up→be up,go(get)out→be out,fall asleep→be asleep,leave→be away from,join→be in／be a member of,put on→wear,catch a cold→have a cold等.
瞬间动词 延续性动词
die /be dead
open (动词) be open （形容词）
close (动词) be closed（形容词）
get up be up
fall asleep be asleep
finish be over
leave be away
start/begin be on
buy have
borrow keep
catch a cold have a cold

就楼上的不错